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Extra resources for Controlled Synthesis of Nanoparticles in Microheterogeneous Systems (Nanostructure Science and Technology)

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It is of interest to consider the connection between these structural peculiarities and the speciWc behavior of surfactant monolayers as specialized solvent and reaction media. In the case of ionic surfactants, dissociation leads to the partial release of counterions with the formation of a charged surface and an oppositely charged diVuse electric layer extending in the subphase (see Fig. 8). As a Wrst order approximation, the dependence of the electric potential (V) on the distance (x) from the surface can be described by V ¼ V0 eÀ xo xÀd 1:10 where d is roughly the distance of closest approach of the surfactant counterions to the surfactant head groups, V0 the potential at x ¼ d; and x0 the Debye length corresponding approximately to the double P layer thickness.

11. Self-assembled multilayers of surfactant molecules on hydrophilic or hydrophobic substrates. 12. strate walls. hydrophilic substrate 1. Structural and Dynamical Properties hydrophilic substrate 28 Self-assembled multilayers of surfactant molecules between two sub- Recent studies have shown that the surfactant self-assembling and orientation on metal surfaces can also be controlled by applying an electric potential. 5 V, a gold electrode immersed in an aqueous solution of sodium dodecylsulphate (SDS) is coated by hemimicelles and that the surfactant molecules are oriented so that their hydrophilic groups protrude toward the aqueous solution.

Also the inXuence of additive addition can be accounted by considering the involved changes of the activities of Eq. 20. However, its application to a speciWc system requires a preliminary knowledge of the thermodynamic equilibrium constants and activity coeYcients of each species. These quantities can be achieved by making reasonable hypothesis on the aggregation process or by the analysis of suitable experimental data. ). Other basic information that cannot be obtained by the mass action model is the detailed description of aggregate dynamics.

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